{"id":745,"date":"2021-10-28T00:56:53","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T00:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/?p=745"},"modified":"2021-12-12T21:31:38","modified_gmt":"2021-12-12T21:31:38","slug":"there-is-more-to-food-choice-than-liking-alone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/2021\/10\/28\/there-is-more-to-food-choice-than-liking-alone\/","title":{"rendered":"There is more to food choice than liking alone"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Many new food products fail. Yet, they had been highly liked during consumer testing. Clearly, there is more to choosing foods than just liking a product in a test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This leads researchers to explore other ways of measuring how consumers experience foods.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumer-eating-vegan-burger-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Consumer eating vegan burger\" class=\"wp-image-746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumer-eating-vegan-burger-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumer-eating-vegan-burger-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumer-eating-vegan-burger-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumer-eating-vegan-burger-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumer-eating-vegan-burger-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumer-eating-vegan-burger.jpg 1773w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>Consumer eating vegan burger<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#098470\">Emotions drive food choices<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>We need to understand how food makes people feel. What is their emotional response? Different sensory characteristics of food such as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"background-color:#095b84\" class=\"has-text-color has-background has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size has-white-color\">taste<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#013729\" class=\"has-text-color has-background has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size has-white-color\">smell<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p style=\"background-color:#4c125a\" class=\"has-text-color has-background has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size has-white-color\">texture<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#84091d\" class=\"has-text-color has-background has-text-align-center has-normal-font-size has-white-color\">appearance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>make people feel different emotions. These emotions drive decision making when purchasing and consuming food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"195\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2021-10-28-125249-1024x195.jpg\" alt=\"Sensory characteristics - Emotional response - Food choice\" class=\"wp-image-748\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2021-10-28-125249-1024x195.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2021-10-28-125249-300x57.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2021-10-28-125249-768x146.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2021-10-28-125249-500x95.jpg 500w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Screenshot-2021-10-28-125249.jpg 1173w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:64%\">\n<p class=\"has-background has-white-background-color\">For example, the meaty appearance or smell of a plant-based burger could make someone feel <strong>worried <\/strong>or <strong>nervous<\/strong> that it\u2019s real meat, and so they chose not to eat it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"286\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Plant-based-burger-patties-vary-in-sensory-characteristics-286x300.jpg\" alt=\"Plant-based burger patties vary in sensory characteristics\" class=\"wp-image-747\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Plant-based-burger-patties-vary-in-sensory-characteristics-286x300.jpg 286w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Plant-based-burger-patties-vary-in-sensory-characteristics-975x1024.jpg 975w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Plant-based-burger-patties-vary-in-sensory-characteristics-768x807.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Plant-based-burger-patties-vary-in-sensory-characteristics.jpg 1403w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><figcaption>Plant-based burger patties vary in sensory characteristics<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#098470\">Industry uses emotional response to food products<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The food industry also uses food-evoked emotions for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#095b84\"><strong>Product differentiation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color:#095b84\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Differentiating between products that are similarly liked<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#4c125a\"><strong>Marketing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color:#4c125a\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Aligning marketing and branding with food-evoked emotions or vice versa<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#013729\"><strong>Product development<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color:#013729\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Developing products with specific emotion-evoking properties<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color:#013729\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Assessing if changes in product formulation result in positive or negative emotions<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color:#013729\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Matching emotional profile of competitor product<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#84091d\"><strong>Identifying consumer groups<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color:#84091d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Grouping consumers according to their emotional response<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#098470\">Methods to measure emotions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Methods to measure emotional repose to food products are either direct (explicit) or indirect (implicit).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-regular\"><table class=\"has-subtle-light-gray-background-color has-fixed-layout has-background\"><thead><tr><th><strong><span style=\"color:#84091d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Direct Methods<\/span><\/strong><\/th><th><span style=\"color:#095b84\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><strong>Indirect Methods<\/strong><\/span><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span style=\"color:#84091d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Require people to think about how they feel. We use:<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"color:#095b84\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Do not require people to think about how they feel. We measure (amongst others):<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8211; <span style=\"color:#84091d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">verbal questionnaires (emotion words) <\/span><br><span style=\"color:#84091d\" class=\"has-inline-color\">&#8211; visual questionnaires (cartoons, emoji, or pictures)<\/span><\/td><td>&#8211; <span style=\"color:#095b84\" class=\"has-inline-color\">heart rate<br>&#8211; facial expression<br>&#8211; brain activity<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ideally, we combine these methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Where a combination is not possible, we recommend self-report questionnaires. After all, the best way to know if someone feels an emotion is to ask. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Verbal self-report questionnaires<\/strong> are the most popular. Consumers are given a list of emotions. From these, they select or rate the ones they associate with the product. These emotion lists can be <strong>generic to all food<\/strong> (e.g., EsSense ProfileTM) or <strong>specific to the food of interest<\/strong> (e.g., a consumer-defined list).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As part of our research, we are generating a consumer-defined emotions list specific to plant-based burgers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-assessing-how-a-product-makes-them-feel-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Consumers assessing how a product makes them feel\" class=\"wp-image-749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-assessing-how-a-product-makes-them-feel-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-assessing-how-a-product-makes-them-feel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-assessing-how-a-product-makes-them-feel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-assessing-how-a-product-makes-them-feel-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-assessing-how-a-product-makes-them-feel.jpg 1490w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Consumers assessing how a product makes them feel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#098470\">Emotions are context dependent<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Depending on location, people can have different feelings towards the same food. When measuring emotions, it is recommended to<strong> mimic real consumption situations<\/strong>. This better captures the emotions people feel in real life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To generate our consumer-defined emotions list, we are recreating situations typical to eating a burger (e.g., in a living room or a pub). For that, we use <strong>digital immersive technology<\/strong>. This helps study participants imagine they were in these situations when they assess how the burger patty makes them feel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-in-a-recreated-bar-restaurant-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Consumers in a recreated bar restaurant\" class=\"wp-image-750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-in-a-recreated-bar-restaurant-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-in-a-recreated-bar-restaurant-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-in-a-recreated-bar-restaurant-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-in-a-recreated-bar-restaurant-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/80\/2021\/10\/Consumers-in-a-recreated-bar-restaurant.jpg 1329w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Consumers in a recreated bar\/restaurant<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-background has-light-gray-background-color are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>See also Rebekah\u2019s previous blog post to learn more about the use of context and digital immersive technology in consumer research. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-text-color has-white-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/2021\/06\/24\/its-all-about-context-in-consumer-testing\/\" style=\"background-color:#098470\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rebekah&#8217;s post on Context<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"background-color:#4c125a;font-size:10px\" class=\"has-text-color has-background has-text-align-right has-white-color\">Rebekah Orr, 28 October 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many new food products fail. Yet, they had been highly liked during consumer testing. Clearly, there is more to choosing foods than just liking a product in a test. This leads researchers to explore other ways of measuring how consumers experience foods. Emotions drive food choices We need to understand how food makes people feel. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":163,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","hentry","category-uncategorised","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/163"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=745"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1062,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/745\/revisions\/1062"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/futurefoodscatalyst\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}