{"id":683,"date":"2016-12-21T12:56:42","date_gmt":"2016-12-20T23:56:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/?p=683"},"modified":"2016-12-21T12:56:42","modified_gmt":"2016-12-20T23:56:42","slug":"how-to-reference-a-personal-communication-in-apa-style","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/2016\/12\/21\/how-to-reference-a-personal-communication-in-apa-style\/","title":{"rendered":"How to reference a personal communication in APA Style"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/owll.massey.ac.nz\/referencing\/apa-in-text-citation.php#personal-communications\">Personal communications<\/a> are unpublished sources and includes e-mails, conversations, lectures, interviews, and tutorials. Do not include personal communications in the reference list because they aren\u2019t published so they can\u2019t be accessed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So, personal communications are just listed in a special kind of <a href=\"http:\/\/owll.massey.ac.nz\/referencing\/apa-in-text-citation.php#basic-format\">in-text citation<\/a>. Start with the individual\u2019s initial(s) and surname, the follow it with the words personal communication and the date the communication occurred.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<p>(A. Brown, personal communication, December 21, 2016).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Where possible it is usually best to refer to an <a href=\"http:\/\/owll.massey.ac.nz\/academic-writing\/identifying-academic-sources.php\">academic source<\/a> if one is available.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>See: <a href=\"http:\/\/owll.massey.ac.nz\/referencing\/apa-in-text-citation.php#personal-communications\">http:\/\/owll.massey.ac.nz\/referencing\/apa-in-text-citation.php#personal-communications<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Personal communications are unpublished sources and includes e-mails, conversations, lectures, interviews, and tutorials. Do not include personal communications in the reference list because they aren\u2019t published so they can\u2019t be accessed. &nbsp; So, personal communications are just listed in a special kind of in-text citation. Start with the individual\u2019s initial(s) and surname, the follow it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":89,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-apa","category-referencing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/89"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=683"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":684,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/683\/revisions\/684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.massey.ac.nz\/thelighthouse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}